Morningstar DBRS Confirms Credit Ratings on Certain Guarantee Linked Notes and Tranche Amounts of Manitoulin USD Ltd., Algonquin 2022-2

DBRS, Inc. (Morningstar DBRS) confirmed the following credit ratings on the Algonquin Series 2022-2 Class B Guarantee Linked Notes (the Class B Notes), the Algonquin Series 2022-2 Class C Guarantee Linked Notes (the Class C Notes), and the Algonquin Series 2022-2 Class D Guarantee Linked Notes (the Class D Notes; together, with the Class B Notes and the Class C Notes, the Notes) issued by Manitoulin USD Ltd. (the Issuer) referencing the executed Junior Loan Portfolio Financial Guarantees (the Financial Guarantee), dated as of April 28, 2022, between the Issuer as Guarantor and the Bank of Montreal (BMO; rated AA with a Stable trend by Morningstar DBRS) as Beneficiary with respect to a portfolio of U.S. and Canadian senior secured and senior unsecured loans originated or managed by BMO:

-- Class B Notes at AA (sf)
-- Class C Notes at AA (low) (sf)
-- Class D Notes at A (low) (sf)

The credit ratings on the Notes address the timely payment of interest and ultimate payment of principal on or before the Scheduled Termination Date (as defined in the Financial Guarantee). The payment of the interest due on the Notes is subject to the Beneficiary's ability to pay the Guarantee Fee Amount (as defined in the Financial Guarantee).

Morningstar DBRS also confirmed the following provisional credit ratings on the Tranche A Amount, Tranche B Amount, Tranche C Amount, and Tranche D Amount (collectively, the Tranche Amounts) of two unexecuted, unfunded financial guarantees (the Unfunded Financial Guarantees) of Manitoulin USD Ltd., Algonquin 2022-2 with respect to a portfolio of primarily U.S. and Canadian senior secured and senior unsecured loans originated or managed by BMO:

-- Tranche A Amount at (P) AAA (sf)
-- Tranche B Amount at (P) AA (sf)
-- Tranche C Amount at (P) AA (low) (sf)
-- Tranche D Amount at (P) A (low) (sf)

The provisional credit rating confirmations on the Tranche Amounts address the likelihood of a reduction to the respective tranche notional amounts resulting from obligor defaults within the guaranteed portfolio during the period from the Effective Date until the Scheduled Termination Date. For obligors within the guaranteed portfolio, default events are limited to payment default, insolvency, and restructuring events.

The credit ratings on the Tranche Amounts take into consideration the creditworthiness of the reference portfolio only. The credit ratings do not address counterparty risk nor the likelihood of any event of default or termination events under the agreement occurring. BMO bought protection under a similar executed financial guarantee for certain issued notes but has not executed contracts related to the tranche notional amounts.

Morningstar DBRS expects the credit ratings on the Tranche Amounts to remain provisional until the underlying agreements are executed. BMO may have no intention of executing the Unfunded Financial Guarantees. Morningstar DBRS will maintain and monitor the provisional credit ratings throughout the life of the transaction or while it continues to receive performance information.

CREDIT RATING RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
The credit rating actions are a result of Morningstar DBRS' annual review of the transaction performance and application of the "Global Methodology for Rating CLOs and Corporate CDOs" (the CLO Methodology; November 19, 2024 https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/443207). The Scheduled Termination Date is November 1, 2027. The Replenishment Cut-Off Date is May 20, 2025.

Morningstar DBRS confirmed the credit ratings on the Notes and the Tranche Amounts as a result of the transaction performance to date.

On the Effective Date (as defined in the Financial Guarantees referenced above), the Issuer used the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes to make a deposit into the Cash Deposit Accounts with the Cash Deposit Bank. Morningstar DBRS may review the credit ratings on the Notes in the event of a downgrade of the Cash Deposit Bank below certain thresholds, as defined in the transaction documents.

In its analysis, Morningstar DBRS considered the following aspects of the transaction:

(1) The transaction's capital structure and the form and sufficiency of available credit enhancement.
(2) Relevant credit enhancement in the form of subordination.
(3) The ability of the Tranche Amounts and the Notes to withstand projected collateral loss rates under various cash flow stress scenarios.
(4) The credit quality of the underlying collateral, subject to the Replenishment Criteria.
(5) Morningstar DBRS' assessment of the origination, servicing, and management capabilities of BMO.
(6) The legal structure as well as legal opinions addressing certain matters of the Borrower and the consistency with the Morningstar DBRS "Legal Criteria for U.S. Structured Finance" methodology.

The transaction is performing according to the parameters set in the Financial Guarantees. As of January 29, 2025, certain Replenishment Criteria were not met. Morningstar DBRS considered these failures in its analysis.

Morningstar DBRS analyzed the transaction using its CLO Insight Model, based on certain reference portfolio characteristics, including Eligibility Criteria and Replenishment Criteria, as defined in the Financial Guarantees; and tranche-specific recovery rates, among other credit considerations referenced in the Morningstar DBRS "Global Methodology for Rating CLOs and Corporate CDOs" (November 19, 2024; https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/443207). The reference portfolio consists of well-diversified senior unsecured and senior secured corporate loans across various industries and rating levels. The analysis produced satisfactory results, which supported the confirmation of the credit ratings on the Tranche Amounts and the Notes.

Morningstar DBRS' credit ratings on the applicable classes address the credit risk associated with the identified financial obligations in accordance with the relevant transaction documents. Where applicable, a description of these financial obligations can be found in the transaction's respective press releases at issuance.

Morningstar DBRS' long-term credit ratings provide opinions on risk of default. Morningstar DBRS considers risk of default to be the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy the financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which a long-term obligation has been issued. The Morningstar DBRS short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner.

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE CONSIDERATIONS
There were no Environmental/Social/Governance factor(s) that had a significant or relevant effect on the credit analysis.

A description of how Morningstar DBRS considers ESG factors within the Morningstar DBRS analytical framework can be found in the Morningstar DBRS Criteria: Approach to Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors in Credit Ratings (August 13, 2024 https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/437781).

Notes:
All figures are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.

The principal methodologies applicable to the credit rating are the Global Methodology for Rating CLOs and Corporate CDOs, including its Appendix II: Mapping Financial Institution Internal Ratings to Morningstar DBRS Credit Ratings for Global Structured Credit Transactions, and the CLO Insight Model version 1.0.1.4 (November 19, 2024 https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/443207).

Other methodologies referenced in this transaction are listed at the end of this press release.

The credit rating was initiated at the request of the rated entity.

The rated entity or its related entities did participate in the credit rating process for this credit rating action.

Morningstar DBRS had access to the accounts, management, and other relevant internal documents of the rated entity or its related entities in connection with this credit rating action.

This is a solicited credit rating.

Please, see the related appendix for additional information regarding the sensitivity of assumptions used in the credit rating process.

This credit rating is endorsed by DBRS Ratings Limited for use in the United Kingdom, and by DBRS Ratings GmbH for use in the European Union, respectively. The following additional regulatory disclosures apply to endorsed credit ratings:

Each of the principal asset class methodologies employed in the analysis addressed one or more particular risks or aspects of the credit rating and were factored into the credit rating decision, Specifically, for the recovery rate, Morningstar DBRS applied the senior secured and senior unsecured recovery rates defined in its Global Methodology for Rating CLOs and Corporate CDOs (November 19, 2024). Morningstar DBRS applies different recovery rates depending on the recovery tier and seniority.

Morningstar DBRS used its CLO Insight Model to determine expected default rates for the portfolio at each rating level. To determine the credit risk of each underlying reference obligation, Morningstar DBRS relied on either public ratings or a ratings mapping to Morningstar DBRS ratings of BMO's internal ratings models.

The ratings mapping was completed in accordance with the Global Methodology for Rating CLOs and Corporate CDOs - Appendix II: Mapping Financial Institution Internal Ratings to Morningstar DBRS Credit Ratings for Global Structured Credit Transactions (November 19, 2024).

The last credit rating action on this transaction took place on February 27, 2024, when Morningstar DBRS confirmed and upgraded its credit ratings on the Notes and the Tranche Amounts.

For further information on Morningstar DBRS historical default rates published by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) in a central repository, see: https://registers.esma.europa.eu/cerep-publication. For further information on Morningstar DBRS historical default rates published by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in a central repository, see https://data.fca.org.uk/#/ceres/craStats.

Lead Analyst: Oxana Rhybak, Vice President, Sector Lead - U.S. Structured Credit Ratings
Rating Committee Chair: Joseph Priolo, Senior Vice President, Sector Lead - US Structured Credit Ratings
Initial Rating Date: April 26, 2022

DBRS, Inc.
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The credit rating methodologies used in the analysis of this transaction can be found at: https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/methodologies.

Interest Rate Stresses for U.S. Structured Finance Transactions (February 26, 2024)
https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/428623

Operational Risk Assessment for Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) and Corporate Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) (August 23, 2024)
https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/438315

Legal Criteria for U.S. Structured Finance (December 03, 2024)
https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/444064

For more information on this credit or on this industry, visit https://dbrs.morningstar.com or contact us at info-DBRS@morningstar.com